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What is a White Hole?

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A diagram of the structure of the  maximally extended black hole   spacetime. The horizontal direction is space and the vertical direction is time. The equations of General relativity have an interesting mathematical property: they are symmetric in time. That means that you can take any solution to the equations and imagine that time flows backwards rather than forwards, and you will get another valid solution to the equations. If you apply this rule to the solution that describes Black Holes, you get an object known as White Hole. Since a Black Hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape not even light the Time-Reversed version of a Black Hole is a region of space into which nothing can fall. In fact, just as a Black Hole can only suck things in, a White Hole can only spit things out. White holes are a perfectly valid mathematical solution to the equations of General relativity, but that does not mean that they actually exist in nature. In fact they ...
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How big is a Black Hole?

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         There are at least two different ways to describe how big something is. We can say how much mass it has, or we can say how much space it takes up. Let's talk first about the masses of Black Holes.          There is no limit in principle to how much or how little mass a Black Hole can have. Any amount of mass at all can in principle be made to form a Black Hole if you compress it to a high enough density. We suspect that most of the Black Holes that are actually out there were produced in the deaths of massive Stars, and so we expect those Black Holes to weigh about as much as a massive Star. A typical mass for such a Stellar Black hole would be about 10 times the mass of the Sun, or about 10^31 kilograms. Astronomers also suspect that many Galaxies harbor extremely massive Black Holes at their centers. These are thought to weigh about a million times as much as the Sun, or 10^36 kilograms.      ...
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Massless particle "Photon"

It all depends on what you call mass. Mass, as it appears in classical non relativistic case is the measure of material that is contained in the particle. That is one aspect. Mass is the one which appears the force acceleration equation. Larger the mass, lesser the acceleration for the same force. Mass is the one which decides gravitational attraction between two particles at a given distance. Generally, we take our definition of mass from Force-acceleration relations. This mass is also called Rest mass. Please note that this mass does not change as the particle gains speed.  Very interestingly, the material can be converted into energy. Once that happens material disappears and the mass is lost. The relation is E = mc^2.  People also define mass from this relation E = mc^2. The energy of a particle is E, its "so called" mass is E/c^2. This is very different from the mass that we know from force-acceleration relations. The name given is relativistic mass. In fact,...
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